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The Gopher protocol is a TCP/IP application layer protocol designed for distributing, searching, and retrieving documents over the Internet. The Gopher protocol was strongly oriented towards a menu-document design and presented an alternative to the World Wide Web in its early stages, but ultimately HTTP became the dominant protocol. The Gopher ecosystem is often regarded as the effective predecessor of the World Wide Web. The protocol was invented by a team led by Mark P. McCahill at the University of Minnesota. It offers some features not natively supported by the Web and imposes a much stronger hierarchy on information stored on it. Its text menu interface is well-suited to computing environments that rely heavily on remote text-oriented computer terminals, which were still common at the time of its creation in 1991, and the simplicity of its protocol facilitated a wide variety of client implementations. More recent Gopher revisions and graphical clients added support for multimedia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=World Health Organization- Regional office for the Eastern Mediterranean )〕 Gopher was preferred by many network administrators for using fewer network resources than Web services.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2009/03/how-moores-law-saved-the-web.html )〕 Gopher's hierarchical structure provided a platform for the first large-scale electronic library connections. Gopher has been described by some enthusiasts as "faster and more efficient and so much more organised" than today's Web services. The Gopher protocol is still in use by enthusiasts, and although it has been almost entirely supplanted by the Web, a small population of actively maintained servers remains. ==Origins== Gopher system was released in mid-1991 by Mark McCahill, Farhad Anklesaria, Paul Lindner, Daniel Torrey, and Bob Alberti of the University of Minnesota in the United States. Its central goals were, as stated in RFC 1436: * A file-like hierarchical arrangement that would be familiar to users. * A simple syntax. * A system that can be created quickly and inexpensively. * Extending the file system metaphor, such as searches. Gopher combines document hierarchies with collections of services, including WAIS, the Archie and Veronica search engines, and gateways to other information systems such as FTP and Usenet. The general interest in Campus-Wide Information Systems (CWISs)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Google Groups archive of bit.listserv.cwis-l discussion )〕 in higher education at the time, and the ease with which a Gopher server could be set up to create an instant CWIS with links to other sites' online directories and resources were the factors contributing to Gopher's rapid adoption. By 1992, the standard method of locating someone's e-mail address was to find their organization's CCSO nameserver entry in Gopher, and query the nameserver.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Google Groups archive of comp.infosystems.gopher discussion )〕 The name was coined by Anklesaria as a play on several meanings of the word "gopher."〔 McCahill credits Anklesaria with naming Gopher〕 The University of Minnesota mascot is the gopher,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.gophersports.com/ )〕 a gofer is an assistant who "goes for" things, and a gopher burrows through the ground to reach a desired location. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gopher (protocol)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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